Corporate Social Responsibilty Broader View or Narrow View

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibilty Broader View or Narrow View. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility is the management concept according to which the companies are required to incorporate the environmental and the social concerns in to the operations of the business. Basically CSR is a business approach that helps in contributing towards the sustainable development by delivering, environmental, social and economical benefits to all the stakeholders. There are many definitions and practices of the corporate social responsibility(E., 2009). According to the various empirical researches that have been conducted in the past few decades it has been observed that the corporate social responsibility provides a good pay off for both the stakeholders and the company. There are number of reasons for which the companies require the corporate social responsibility. So the requirement of the corporate social responsibility in all the phases needs the companies to have a ethical obligation towards the various stakeholders(Alder, 2008). There has been a great influence of the organizations regarding their responsibility towards the corporate social responsibilities due to which the companies have started thinking beyond earning more and more of profits(M., 2008). According to the World Business Council For Sustainable Development CSR has been defined as a commitment by the business according to which they are required for maintaining morality, ethical environment for contributing towards the economic development so that there can be the improvement in the quality of the life of the families and workplace along with the improvement on the quality of life of the community and the society(Adams, 2001). According to the International Finance Corporation or IFC, the CSR has been defined as a business commitment for the economic development and this definition resonate with the definition of world business council of sustainable development through stating the fact that it is the responsibility of the business to work with the employees, local communities, families and the society in such a manner that everything is done for the benefit for the business on long term basis(Bartlett, 2003). The Corporate social responsibility gained much of popularity in the 1960s and after that CSR has been considered as a important part of the company and with the passage of years there have been lots of responsibilities comprised within its definitions that includes moral and legal responsibilities. There are basically two distinct views of corporate social responsibility that are the narrow view and the broad view of corporate social responsibility. The Broad and Narrow View of Corporate Social Responsibility One of the most disputed issues during this time in the companies is the corporate social responsibility. There are two extreme view of corporate social responsibility in the business, that is the narrow view and the broad view(Bowie, 2002). If we look from one angle that is the classical view, it is seen that according to the classical view, it is said that the business organizations are the economic organizations that have the sole motive of earning more and more profit and there is only one responsibility that they have towards the society and it is that they shall provide the goods and services that are necessary to the society in the exchange of providing the maximum profits to their shareholders. This classical view was very much supported by Noble prize winner and economist Milton Friedman. According to him it is the sole responsibility of the business and the company to carry out the operations of the business in such a manner that its satisfy the interests of the shareholder s and these interests of the shareholders coincides with the maximum profits of the company(Chun, 2005). While on the other hand there is social economic view about CSR according to which it is said all the business companies are the part of the society and therefore it has the responsibility towards the society in which it operates, there responsibility cannot be restricted to the maximization of the profits(Collins, 2005). The various supporters of the view said that after looking in to the financial aspect of the business organizations, the companies will be automatically benefited if they are responsible towards the society(Amao, 2011). There have been a great scrutiny of both the view of the corporate social responsibility and both the views have been argued extensively as this arena is becoming something very essential for the society as a whole. As the passage of time the narrow view of the corporate social responsibility is getting fade and the socio economic view or the broader view of the corporate social responsibility is getting much momentum(Crane, 2007). On the international front as well there are many business houses who are adopting the corporate social responsibility along with the economic interests. As explained in the above discussion the narrow view suggests that then main objective of the business is earning and maximizing profits. There are many scholars who support different views and argue on the narrow and the broad view of the CSR. As for example it has been stated by Levitt that there are basically two responsibilities of the business(Urip, 2010). One responsibility is the compliance with the basic standards of the business however the second is the profit maximization. According to Friedman it has been argued that the business should concentrate on the profit maximization and not the social well being of the company. It is further argued by the business that the business corporations are the artificial persons and hence they have artificial responsibilities. Business are the artificial organizations and have the main responsibility is on the proprietors and the executives who are the main people liable for the same(K., 2008). It is further stated by the narrow view of the corporate social responsibility that it is the responsibility of the company for making money; hence the companies have the responsibilities and goals for making the money. It is also stated by Friedman that there are certain amount of social responsibilities for the various executives for making money and maximizing the profits. The social responsibilities of the company include spending the money of the shareholders for the general interests for the way of tax owners like the tax community causes(S., 2014). Further, it is argued by Friedman that the main responsibility of the business organization is indulging itself in the various activities that helps in increasing the profits and that include the various profit maximization schemes that should be according to various laws that shall be made by the business in an free and open competitive market without deceptions and fraudulences(S. S. , 2007). When there is no use of force than the profit maximization cannot be considered wrong. However there are various instances in the business of the force due to which the markets and the businesses get wrong impression. On the contrary the broader view of the corporate social responsibility states that other than gaining the objective of the profit maximization there are other various responsibilities of the business towards the society and the community where the businesses operate and address the negative consequences of the business on the community and the society(S. H. , 2009). There are different rules related to the corporate social responsibility for the companies and they depend on various factors. The distribution of the profit that is earned by the company needs to be decided in an exclusive manner. For this various values are imposed through the analyses of the various factors that might affect the profits of the company. For this various strategy plans are prepared from time to time so that better benefits could be provided to the society and the clients of the company. In this sense the broad view relates to the various market trends whose regulations are not dependent on the federal a uthorities. The change that needs to be implemented in the business always keeps on revolving around the various trends that are positive in nature. In the broader view of the CSR the social trends through which the society and the community could be benefited are considered are important for providing various benefits to the system. So, here it becomes imperative for the leaders to develop the various stages that are important for the implementation of the different changes that are important for the business. While, on the other hand in the narrow view, the various benefits are associated with the particular aspects or the organization only. These are the most important factors that the companies often consider. If the company does not take proper steps in regards to this than it might be possible that the company may not be able to reap the expected benefits that are associated. For this proper measures are taken so that the negative impacts can be lowered in the various decisions of the organization. Accepting the Broader View There are number of supporters for both the broader and the narrow views of the corporate social responsibility. However, there are more benefits in the favor of the broader view due to the association of the various reasons associated with this view. There are various arguments that are presented from time to time to support the narrow view of the corporate social responsibility. The first argument that is based in the favor of this view is the Adam Smiths invisible hand argument. According to this argument it is the responsibility of the organizations for the promotion of the self interests and during the stage the organizations would be guided by the invisible hand for doing the social good. On the other hand if the companies are forced to follow the CSR then they might not be able to meet the needs that are of materialistic nature(L, 2009). However, it becomes worth noting that this view is very old and it does not exists in the real times. In the present times the corporations are more powerful as compared to the government. The second argument supporting the narrow view is that it is the responsibility of the government for the regulation of activities of the organizations and looking that they are ethically correct. It is very important here to be mentioned that the government alone cannot regulate the ethically correct and unethical behaviors of the organizations(P., 2009). Further, it is quite of impossible for the government to predict the probable behaviors of the companies. The third argument here is that the organizations alone cannot be trusted for the good or the well being of the society or the community as the companies does not have probable expertise and knowledge. Also there are many organizations who are of private nature and are also capable of looking in to the well being of the community and the society. Another argument is that there are many corporate executives those who do not possess the social and the moral capabilities for taking the decisions for the social welfare of the society. It is worth noting that there is no person who is born perfect with all the capabilities. People are able to learn along with their responsibilities and work. The company shall never lack behin d in case of the corporate social responsibility. Finally, it has also been argued that if people are given the responsibility of corporate social responsibility than they would convert the society in to materialistic and commercial place. If we move towards the broader view, we would observe that number of contentions is there in support of the corporate social responsibility and its adoption as broader view. Firstly, there are many duties of the organizations towards the stakeholders, customers, employees, environment and suppliers. Secondly, there is a very well known saying that there are greater responsibilities along with great powers. Business organizations have number of responsibilities towards the society that are very much influential. Thirdly, the organizations have a universal social contract with the society. According to this contract the society is responsible for making the various rules, regulations and responsibilities under which the organizations are required to operate. Therefore if the society is concentrating on the environment and its sustainability than the organization shall also abide by the various norms created by the society(Crowther D, 2008). CSR and Ethics There is a lot of difference between the narrow and broad view of CSR which can be very well explained through the ethical theory and its application. According to the stakeholders theory there are many individuals who are affected by the actions, policies and procedures of the organization. But there are many stakeholders who have some specific legal rights. As for example, in the case of large organizations there are primary as well as secondary stakeholders. Under these conditions there are no legal rights with the environmental group. I would recommend the broader view of CSR , because if the narrow view will be used than many of the rights of the stakeholders will be ignored. In the past the corporations have normally been criticized for affecting the environment adversely and wasting the natural resources. Recommendations It is required that all the organizations shall abide to the various guidelines for a concrete CSR so that there is a transformation of the large organizations in to productive corporations that can affect the companies in a positive manner. There are many policies laid down by the CSR guidelines according to which the organizations are expected to give away some of their success and wealth to the society so that they could support the society. Secondly, it is very well known fact that the primary source of wealth is the natural environment and it is being abused by the humans. The organizations those who take the CSR seriously would understand there responsibilities towards the society and that they are not here to damage the society. It is recommended that all the organizations shall always remunerate their employees for the work so that the organizations can be successful in the near future. There shall be equal pensions, benefits, plans and salaries given to the employees. There shall be reasonable products and services provided to the employees. Conclusion At last it can be concluded that CSR is the duty of the organizations and that should be performed by the organizations in an effective manner. Generally, there should not be any kind of influence or force on the organizations for performing such duties. But, there are some social media, government, and the advocacy groups that force the organizations to perform the CSR. It is very much evident from the above discussion that an active CSR is very useful for the organization and the society. Hence it is required that the CSR is considered to be the basic values and concepts of the business and by following the path of active CSR the companies could shift away from the exploitations of the society. The CSR concept can further help in making the organizations responsible without the adding of any kind of pressure on the authorities. Bibliography Adams, J. T. (2001). Codes of Ethics as Signals for Ethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, , 199-211. Alder, G. S. (2008). mployee Reactions to Internet Monitoring: The Moderating Role of Ethical Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, , 481-498. Amao, O. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights and the Law: Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries. New York: Taylor Francis. Bartlett, D. (2003). Management and Business Ethics: A Critique and Integration of Ethical Decision-Making Models. . British Journal of Management, , 223-235. Bowie, N. (2002). Kantian Approach to business Ethics. . A Companion to Business Ethics, Blackwell, . Chun, R. (2005). Ethical Character and Virtue of Organizations: An Empirical Assessment and Strategic Implications. Journal of Business Ethics, , 269-284. Collins, H. a.-B. (2005). Discriminating Ethics. Human Relations. UK. Crane, A. . (2007). Business Ethics. UK: Oxford University Press. Crowther D, C. N. (2008). The Ashgate research companion to corporate social responsibility. England: Ashgate 2008. E., S. (2009, 10 29). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Economic Affairs , pp. 5-10. K., D. (2008). Corporate social responsibility, new activism and public relations. Social Responsibility Journal , 104-119. L, Z. (2009). Corporate social responsibility, corporate restructuring and firm's performance. Berlin: Springer Publications. M., A. (2008, 10 5). Social Responsibility Journal . Special issue on Corporate social responsibility in transitional economies , pp. 10-15. P., S. (2009). The business case for corporate social responsibility. Heidelberg:: Physica-Verlag 2009. S., A. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study. Social Responsibility Journal , 210-225. S., H. (2009). Corporate social responsibility. Detroit,: Greenhaven Press 2009. S., S. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fetter of Profitability. . Social Responsibility Journal , 31-39. Urip, S. (2010). CSR Strategies: Corporate Social Responsibility for a Competitive Edge in Emerging Markets. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Leadership and Learning for Journal of Management -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership and Learning for Journal of Management. Answer: A true leader is one who possess the qualities of knowing, showing and going all the way (Maxwell, 2018). For the purpose of being a good leader one must have a clear vision about the goals of an organization. Such leader must know the objectives of the organizations. It can be said that a leader who does not know his goals cannot lead others. Knowing the destination is of primary importance for leading any team (Antonakis Day, 2017). However, due to the change in the market conditions and the change in the policies of the organizations leaders are required to have the ability and skill to adapt to the changes and shift their visions. Adjustments and changes in the visions of leaders do not pose any problems to the leaders as long as the leader knows the way to achieve the visions. Such changes and adjustments in the visions must not occur frequently as it might make a good leader feel distracted and lose confidence. A good and efficient leader must go all the way while demonstrating his leadership skills. In most instances leaders just show the way to their subordinates to achieve the visions he has for the organizations (Shanafelt Noseworthy, 2017). However, the leaders themselves are unwilling to go all the way and provide a demonstration to the subordinates about how to achieve the goals. A good and efficient leader is one sets an example for others to follow. A true leader always shows the right path to his subordinates to follow. A leader must not show the way to his team but also keep the members of the close so they not feel lost and confused about how to reach the goal (Senge, Hamilton Kania, 2015). A good leader shares his vision with the rest of the team and motivates them to achieve the vision shared by them. A good leader as opined by Senge must act like the designer of a ship rather than its captain. The leader must create a common vision for the team. He must determine and formulate policies, structures and strategies and transform business ideas into decisions to be followed by the team. For the purpose of assessing the leadership qualities which include (knowing, showing and going) the importance of organizational learning must be discussed. Organizational learning can be defined can be defined as the body of work which takes into account many disciplines of both social and natural sciences (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2015). The disciplines of anthropology, sociology and psychology are important contributors to the process of organizational learning. The process of organizational learning is intricately related to many other major fields such as organizational communication, leading change, individual motivation and accountability, creativity and innovation and management and leadership development (Li, et al., 2014). The phenomenon of organizational learning can be defined by two different schools of thoughts. They are: Cognitive school Behavioral school According to the cognitive school it can be said that organizational learning takes place through mental models, schemas and structures that help us understand situation and events and also allow us to interpret and respond to our environment (O'Donnell King, 2014). However the Behavioral school suggests that the process of organizational learning s done by having a good understanding and gaining insights from experience. Such insights and experience can be gained through observation, experimentation, analysis and examination of the results of the actions undertaken by the business leaders (Sessa London, 2015). It can be said that the need for organizational learning has become necessary now more than ever before as businesses are tend to move from stable to unstable conditions in the global marketplace. Companies have realized the need to rejuvenate themselves and re formulate their policies for ensuring short and long term success as competitions, market conditions, technology, customer demands are evolving. Encouraging a culture of learning is of topmost priority to the leading businesses because organizational learning contributes to creation of competitive advantage by enhancing the organizational effectiveness and performance. After having discussed the meaning and importance of organizational learning, it can be said that organizational learning can be assessed and evaluated by the application of three classical theories (Kolb, 2014). They are: Adaptive and generative learning theory from the cognitive school Experimental earning theory from the cognitive school Assimilation theory from the behavioral school Adaptive and Generative learning theory The theory of adaptive and generative learning had been devised by Peter Senge. It is based on the theory of Kolbs ELT model (Chiva Habib, 2015). The Adaptive and Generative learning theory has identified mental models which involve generalizations, deeply ingrained assumptions or images and pictures that help us to have a good understanding of the world and understanding of how actions are taken. It can be said in accordance with this theory that some of the skills and abilities required by individuals at the organizational level include: building a shared vision, personal mastery team learning and systematic thinking. This theory differentiates between generative and adaptive learning. Adaptive learning can be characterized by paying attention to the foundation of existing knowledge. Existing knowledge is amended with new thinking to achieve an objective. Adaptive learning is particular importance to organizations as organizations seek continuous improvement. The generative learni ng theory however is different from the Adaptive learning theory as it seeks to generate new information from the foundation of existing knowledge. Generative learning becomes useful to an organization when new strategies, product lines and other assets are required urgently (Sessa London, 2015). Generative learning is effective in producing radical ne changes in the organization. Thus it can be said that leaders in an organization can develop their leadership skills by the application of principles as enumerated in the aforementioned theory. Leaders are required to know their vision for the purpose of leading their teams. By the application of principles of this theory, leaders can access the information which is required to make innovative strategies to lead their respective teams. For the purpose of leading their teams leaders are required to formulate strategies for their team members so that they can achieve their shared vision. Formulation of such strategies requires leaders to have in depth knowledge about adaptive and Generative information. Experiential Learning theory- The experiential learning theory had been devised by Kolb and the same is based on psychology, physiology and philosophy (Kolb, 2014). The Experimental theory has influenced organization and leadership significantly and has significantly contributed to the learning organization principles. The basic premise of this theory is that the process of learning occurs through grasping and transforming experience. The experiential learning theory is constituted of a learning cycle with a four stage model. Concrete experience and abstract conceptualization makes up the grasping component while reflective observation and active experimentation constitutes the component of transforming experience (Sessa London, 2015). It can be said that in this learning process a learner moves though a cycle of experiencing, thinking, reflecting and acting in a repeating progression which is unique to each learning experience. In this learning process the specific experiences generate observation and reflectio n. Such concrete concepts are integrated and internalized and into abstract concepts, which in turn generates behavioral experimentation. Thus after being provided with a detailed analysis of the theory of Experiential learning, it can be said that leaders are required to create an atmosphere of learning within the organizations. Assimilation theory This theory is comparatively different from the other cognitive theories. According to this theory, organizational learning is primarily focused on changes, which are based on action. Such changes take place in an organization as the individuals learn through their performance (Engestrm, 2014). According to the Assimilation theory, organizational learning can be characterized as rational, observable and quantifiable. This theory has put forward a learning process comprised of three unique stages. These stages are: Knowledge acquisition which consists of creation and development insights, skills and relationships Knowledge sharing which consists of disseminating what has been learned Knowledge utilization, which is comprised, of implementation of the knowledge through policies that can be applied in general situations. The aforementioned three stages are behavior linked and focuses on practical application rather than cognition. Seven learning orientation have been proposed for the purpose of defining this method of organizational learning. The seven orientations are: Identifying the source of the knowledge Focus on what is produced by the organization versus how the organization aims to deliver its services and products Documentation of the knowledge- Assessing public availability vs individual possession of knowledge Mode of Dissemination- How the knowledge acquired is to be disseminated among various departments of the organization Focusing on the learning process- Assessing the benefits of transformative versus incremental learning Focusing on value chain- Assessing whether investing in market and deliver or design and make functions would be beneficial Focusing on development of skill- Assessing the benefits of development of skills by individuals vs development of team skills. Thus after analyzing the principles of this theory it can be said that leaders are first required to identify the source of the knowledge required for building the vision. He is then required to share the knowledge gathered by him with other team members so that they can share the vision of the leader. Finally he is required to focus on the learning process and assess the benefits of transformative learning versus incremental learning and assess the development of skills of the team members. Reference list: Antonakis, J., Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Li, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Y., Peng, M. W. (2014). Managerial ties, organizational learning, and opportunity capture: A social capital perspective.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,31(1), 271-291. Chiva, R., Habib, J. (2015). A framework for organizational learning: zero, adaptive and generative learning.Journal of Management Organization,21(3), 350-368. Kolb, D. A. (2014).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Engestrm, Y. (2014). Activity theory and learning at work. InTtigkeit-Aneignung-Bildung(pp. 67-96). Springer VS, Wiesbaden. O'Donnell, A. M., King, A. (Eds.). (2014).Cognitive perspectives on peer learning. Routledge. Sessa, V. I., London, M. (2015).Continuous learning in organizations: Individual, group, and organizational perspectives. Psychology Press. Senge, P., Hamilton, H., Kania, J. (2015). The dawn of system leadership.Stanford Social Innovation Review,13(1), 27-33 Shanafelt, T. D., Noseworthy, J. H. (2017, January). Executive leadership and physician well-being: nine organizational strategies to promote engagement and reduce burnout. InMayo Clinic Proceedings(Vol. 92, No. 1, pp. 129-146). Elsevier. Maxwell, J. C. (2018).Developing the Leader Within You 2.0. HarperCollins Leadership.

Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits

Table of Contents Introduction Benefits of enterprise systems Challenges in the application of enterprise systems Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Enterprise systems are software packages that use information technology in data storage, computation, and transmission of internal and external communication structures of an organization. Many organizations use this system in the supply chain management, customer relationship management and knowledge management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Management is very crucial for any organization since all decisions are from the top to the bottom. Wrong decisions affect the overall operation of the organization leading to the downfall of the business. The management therefore, should ensure that their supporting processes, data analysis, reporting, and information flows are in their best practices to survive in the market (Tarn 5). Benefits of enterprise systems Enterprise systems bring together all the processes and workflow of the organization making it easy to communicate the activities and programs to be undertaken. This improves the efficiency of the employees, as they are aware of their expectations and duties. The system allows storage of all the data allowing the organization to file only the necessary data. This makes the organization to improve its data entry strategies (Tarn 17). The system matches the organization and its objectives with its customer requirements leading to an overall improvement in its activities. This stimulates the productivity and development of the organization. The system demonstrates the connection between the organization performance and the employees. They provide a response to the demands and concerns as they occur to improve visibility into the end counts and delivery errors resulting into faster and improved organization performance (D avenport 230). This system ensures coordinated interdepartmental flow of information. This enables the management and their employees to develop skills necessary for handling their work responsibilities. It therefore becomes easy to manage functions and policies of the work force in a way that contributes the success of an organization (Tarn 20). The organization is able to improve its customer satisfaction through enhancing customer experience, relationship during product or service delivery. They ensure their services are available whenever the customer needs it by allowing the customers and the employees to have access to the required information of the organization (Tarn 22). This system helps achieve a consolidated picture of the objectives, policies, and plans of the organization linking all the activities from the top management to the employees. This leads to a better planning and follow up of the organization strategies and performance reducing costs of operation and invent ory to maximize the organizations production and developments (Davenport 240).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Challenges in the application of enterprise systems The system stores all the information entered by the user. Some of the users avoid summarizing their reports and records making it difficult for the management to access all the key concepts in the data. This leads to delay or wrong decision making due to information overload. The organization may end up delaying their products and services to their customers due to the organizations inability to fulfill its activities on time. This leads to customer dissatisfaction affecting the organization image and volume of sales (Davenport 246). This system is prone to errors and omissions during its analysis and application. It provides the management and the business analysts with reports and records on electronic technolog y. This data is very confidential and any mistakes affect the overall activities of the organization. Some of the top management officials have taken advantage of this system to involve in corruption reducing growth of the organization (Davenport 283). The benefits derived from the system are by how well the management is able to use it. It becomes very difficult in determining the capabilities of employees during hiring and firing, decentralized decision-making, and standards of reliance on the technology. The management has to keep pace with the changes in the technology and the organization to benefit from the system (Tarn 27). Conclusion Enterprise systems are very useful in the day-to-day activities of an organization as they ensure appropriate communication and operations that enable profitability and survival in a competitive environment. Works Cited Davenport, Thomas. Mission critical: realizing the promise of enterprise systems. New York: Harvard Business Press. 2000. Tarn, Michael. Enterprise systems education in the 21st century. New York: Idea Group Incorporation. 2007. This essay on Enterprise Systems and Its Benefits was written and submitted by user Freddy T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Overview of Costa Rica essays

An Overview of Costa Rica essays A chain of rugged mountains divides Costa Rica, which is an extended part of the Andes-Sierra Madre chain. Costa Rica is in Central America and is surrounded by Nicaragua to the North and Panama to the south. Costa Rica is approximately 19,730 square miles, which is slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia. Bordering the country to the east is the Caribbean Sea, and to the west is the Pacific Ocean. Costa Rica's total coastline distance is 1,290 km. The highest point is Mt. Chirripo, which stands at 3,797 meters high. Costa Rica is included in the Pacific "Ring of Fire" with seven out of forty-two active volcanoes on the chain. The population of Costa Rica is something around 3,534,174, which was taken in July of 1998. The country is marked with a 2.4% population growth rate, which increases annually. 96% of the Costa Rican natives are Caucasian (including mestizos), 2% are African American, 1% are Chinese, and 1% are Indian. Over 90% of the people in Costa Rica believe the faith of the Roman Catholic Church. The official language is Spanish, but English is spoken in parts around Puerto Limon. Costa Rica has a 95% literacy rate, which is from both males and females over the age of fifteen that can read and write. San Jose is not only the capital of Costa Rica; it is also the country's largest city with a population of 300,000. Most of the economic, political, and social events of the country take place in the capital of San Jose. In colonial times, the main industry was tobacco growing and processing. By the mid-1800s, the city (along with the entire country) became a coffee producing area. San Jose was founded around 1738 some two hundred years after Spain's Westward expansion for Cartago. San Jose gained independence from Spain in 1821. It later went on to become the country's political base, and in 1823 it became the country's capital. San Jose is a modern city with parks and fine buildings open to the public. The cap...

Preparing the marketing audit for market entry Essay - 1

Preparing the marketing audit for market entry - Essay Example Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 6 Main Findings 6 Product 7 Price 8 Place 8 Promotion 8 People 9 Processes 9 Physical evidence 9 McKinsey 7S of Sony Corporation 10 Strategy 10 Structure 10 Systems 11 Style 11 Staff 12 Skill 12 Shared Values 12 Value Chain Analysis of Sony Corporation 12 Firm Infrastructure 13 Human Resource 14 Technological Development 14 Procurement 14 Inbound Logistics 14 Operations 14 Outbound Logistics 15 Marketing and Sales 15 Service 15 SWOT analysis of Sony Corporation 15 Strengths 15 Weakness 15 Opportunities 16 Threats 16 CIM Model of Sony Corporation 16 Political Forces 16 Economic Forces 17 Social Forces 17 Technological Forces 17 Legal Forces 18 Conclusions 18 Recommendations 18 Reference List 19 Introduction Sony Corporation or Sony as it is known commonly is a Japanese multinational conglomerate which is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company primarily focuses on electronic products in the consumer and professional markets. Sony has enough experience in launching new products in the overseas market. As the firm gains experience, it understands the global strategy more clearly. Early in his tenure Akio Morita, the founder of Sony developed business skills which allowed Sony Corporation to enter into foreign markets successfully. Initially he didn’t have such global strategy in his mind. ... In this paper we will look at Sony’s Strategy in entering into Indian market with new Refrigerator. The name of the refrigerator is ZKool. Main Findings In my opinion Sony should sue segmentation approach to target the Indian market. Through mass marketing they can create the largest potential market, which will lower their cost and hence their margins will improve. Hence it is better that Sony use Segmentation approach which will create a product which can be more fine-tuned according to the target segment. Also this strategy will enable them to choose the best distribution and communication channels. Figure 1: 7Ps of Sony Corporation Product Sony’s product strategy is to deliver the best quality product with the latest technology. Hence it will support features like Frost Free, Refigerent-134a, 2 door bottom freezer, Triple Ice tray, Twin Bio attacker, Premium look and design, Quiet and more reliable compressor etc. Sony has to spend money on their R&D department who are mainly responsible for their innovation. Sony’s multimedia features in other characteristics which have to meet the needs of the customers. Sony refrigerators will be designed such that they work on five power levels, compared to one power level of common refrigerators. It will enable it to run the refrigerator on low power during the nights or times when it is used less (Luh, 2003, p. 128). There will also be an automatic system which will adjust the power according to the usage. It will have e a combination of temperature sensor, inverter compressor, microprocessor technology etc. It will give best cooling sensation at minimum power usage. Price Sony will offer best of technology with plenty of new features which will make its price more expensive as compared to its

Dance 234 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance 234 - Assignment Example The dance is about the event that brought together various choreographers and performers who took part in the performance. The BoSoma2 created the choreography for the dance as created by the directors of the dance company. The leadership of the company consists of three members of the company. The company seeks to utilize the rigorous athleticism that exists within the entertainment industry. Judging by the movie, the dance was on 27th of February 2015. The show presented is the Third Life Choreographer that involves several performers including Rowan Salem, Bosama 2 Dance, Jennifer Farrell, Kelley Donovan, Bryce dance company, Olivia Coombs, Catherine Wagner and Kelly Engel. The program involves performances including the Real Rosie that involved several performers. Variations on the story were a performance choreographed by Kelly Engel. The performers included Kelly Engel, Malone Thermitus, Previlu, Lisa Lin and Erica Lin. The performers dance to music by Susie Suh and Koch Robert. The Hunt was the performance that followed and choreography of Shannon Luchs. The dancers in the performance include Grace Stauffer, Tessa Hamza, and Sahaiyai Khalili. The dancers performed music by Bjork, which was a remix of the song, Cover me. The Freedom Dances was an exceptional performance that presented sections of work in progress. The choreography was by Laliberte Nicole instructing several dancers including Stephanie Walsh, and Luciana Lyans. The performers danced to music by Antonio Vivaldi and Vann Teirsen. Madeline Douglas and Elizabeth Griffin appeared courtesy of the spindle city Ballet Jr.Co. The second section was an untitled dance by several performers such as Erin Gridea, Tara Gragg, and Lauren Difede. The appearances were courtesy of the Island moving company that presented a great performance. The dance tells a story that provides the audience with an

Homeland Security Preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Homeland Security Preparedness - Essay Example â€Å"The role of state and local governments as well as the nation's first responder community has been viewed largely as providing quick reaction and consequence mitigation to any attacks that occur despite the best effort of the federal system to prevent it...In fact, this image is not correct; local governments must do a great deal more than prepare for the consequence management role. In particular, they must also pay a great deal of attention to prevention efforts. To date they have not done nearly enough in this regard† (O'Hanlon, 2005). O'Hanlon recommends that state and local governments can be first responders in all arenas. The Governor's office should make sure that there is a dedicated anti-terrorism task force at the state level, and any sufficiently large cities should have an anti-terrorism task force operating out of a major crimes unit. Local miscommunication and planning was part of the slow response to 9/11. According to the 9/11 Commission Report, â€Å"[ A] 'generic' flight plan – prepared to get the aircraft airborne and out of local airspace quickly – incorrectly led the Langley fighters to believe they were ordered to fly due east... for 60 miles... the lead pilot and local FAA controller incorrectly assumed the flight plan instruction to go '090 for 60' superseded the original scramble order† (p. 27). Inadequate protocols for communication and coordination between local, state and federal authorities can have lethal consequences. Similarly, the FBI's limited terrorism response pre-9/11 was due to their being tied too closely with state and local agencies such that they were only interested in pursuing the needs of state and local areas such as organized crime and white-collar offenses (p. 74). O'Hanlon notes that state governments do not have to do everything and be everywhere. â€Å"it is not necessary to equip all three million first responders in the United States with state of the art chemical protective gear or interoperable communications systems. Equipping specialized teams within each major jurisdiction with such capabilities, and creating several mobile communications headquarters with interoperable technology, are less expensive and more quickly doable propositions. It is not necessary that every fireman’s radio can talk to every police officer’s radio; a certain number of mobile interoperable communications vans that can be quickly deployed to a problem site are a more cost-effective solution. They can allow quick coordination and cross-communication through the squad or team leaders of each type of organization (that would have been enough to save many firefighters on September 11, 2001 in New York). A large city could purchase several dozen, at $1 million each, for a reasonable cost of several tens of millions of dollars† (O'Hanlon, 2005). The Governor's Office should follow this approach. While all EMS and medical responders, police units, hospitals an d other state agencies do not need to have extensive anti-terror preparation, specialized units should and should have access to top-of-the line gear. As O'Hanlon illustrates, doing so not only is cost-effective but in any respect is often fungible to every day operations: Communications vans like the one above can also be used in major crimes like bank robberies. O'Hanlon recommends $5 billion